How ‘The Song of the Stormy Petrel’ Became the Voice of Revolution
Discover the powerful symbolism behind Maxim Gorky’s ‘The Song of the Stormy Petrel’, the battle anthem of the Russian Revolution. Justice Markandey Katju explores its impact and relevance in today’s socio-political landscape.
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| Justice Markandey Katju |
The Song of the Stormy Petrel
By Justice Markandey Katju
' The Song of the Stormy Petrel ' ( see online ) was a poem written in March 1901 by the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky, and became known as the battle anthem of the coming Russian Revolution, just as ' La Marseillaise ' ( see online ) written in 1792 by Rouget de Lisle became known as the battle anthem of the French Revolution, and ' Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamare dil mein hai ' became the battle anthem of the Indian Independence Struggle. It was a favourite of Lenin.
In 1901 Russia was under the despotic and autocratic rule of Czar Nicholas II. There was a strict press censorship, and it was dangerous to criticise the Czar or the government directly, so writers had to write allegorically and symbolically ( just as the Urdu poet Faiz had to do during the martial law regime in Pakistan ).
A petrel is a bird, and ' The Song of the Stormy Petrel ' describes the brave and glorious flight of a petrel ( symbolising the revolutionaries ) wheeling below the dark sky, but high over the ocean waves ( symbolising the discontented masses ) during a storm ( symbolising the revolution ), when other birds like seagulls ( symbolising the so-called 'intellectuals' ), loons ( symbolising the middle classes ) and penguins ( symbolising the fat-rich) cower terrified in fear. The stormy petrel is the harbinger of the coming tempest ( the revolution ), who sobs in ecstasy as he urges on the storm.
On publication in Russia in 1901, the impact of the poem was immediate and enormous. Everyone understood the symbolism, and millions of copies were made by hand and machines. The poem was read in all revolutionary meetings, to workers and students all over Russia, set to music and sung everywhere.
Before long, Gorky, whose sympathy for revolutionaries was well known, was arrested.
Will any of our poets write such a battle anthem of the coming storm in India ?
(Justice Markandey Katju is a former Judge, of the Supreme Court of India, and former Chairman, of the Press Council of India. The views expressed are his own)
